Define and explain the second shift. Provide an example to illustrate the concept.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary.
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Critics of modernization theory
a. see the approach as an attack on capitalism. b. claim that using developed countries as the standard for the rest of the world is helpful for less-developed countries' growth. c. point out that the approach says little about the ways in which rich nations often prevent poor countries from developing. d. agree that poor societies are responsible for their own poverty.
Unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature constitute__________.
A. sexual harassment B. popular culture C. sexual assault D. stalking
In their criticisms of positivism, critical theorists argue _____.
a. the scientific method is not an end in itself and ultimately such practices oppress individuals in contemporary society b. art and expression were increasingly rationalized, bureaucratized, and subject to the control of elites c. knowledge uncovered with science cannot be inherently objective and neutral d. society and social thinking is highly irrational and even amoral e. economic determinism is overly mechanistic
What is an ideal type?
A. a measuring rod to help us understand social reality B. a careful representation of reality C. a measure used by historians, but dismissed by sociologists D. a description of the best possible data collection outcome using any research method