Any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ________
a. higher-order conditioner
b. situational artifact
c. reinforcer
d. cue
Answer: c
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A central motivation of middle-childhood girls to solve conflict among friends is due to __________.
A. lack of self-confidence B. lack of social competence C. apprehension over the use of more direct approaches D. the desire to maintain equal-status relationships
Burt witnesses a mugging on a crowded bus, but does nothing to help the victim. When later asked by the police to explain his inaction, Burt says that he figured someone else would help the victim. Burt has cited which explanation for the bystander effect?
A. arousal-cost-reward B. diffusion of responsibility C. group inhibition D. social contagion
Researchers using three cohorts of college students studied psychosocial development and the concept of changes in coping as one proceeds through the life stages. The researchers found that there
a. was no difference in the life stages and the type of coping in which individuals engage. b. is evidence that people do change in their resolution over time as predicted by psychosocial theory. c. was lack of evidence for life stages and central processes. d. is insignificant evidence to support prime adaptive ego qualities and core pathologies.
Many couples who repeatedly break up and reunite recall each other fondly when apart and swear that they could make the relationship work if they got together again. But after they do spend time together, they again wonder, "How could I ever have believed that this so-and-so would change?" This best exemplifies the _____
A) avoidance-avoidance conflict B) approach-approach conflict C) approach-avoidance conflict D) interpersonal conflict