Describe the treatment for alcohol-use disorder
What will be an ideal response?
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a common intervention for alcoholism which regards alcoholism as a disease and advocates total abstinence.Research indicates that abstinence significantly increased chances of continued recovery and that AA is successful in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Strong affiliation with AA predicted better treatment outcome, and involvement with AA was associated with feelings of self-efficacy, active coping, and motivation to stop drinking which, in turn, are associated with positive outcome. Additional research has found that both therapy and participation AA resulted in better outcome during a sixteen-year follow-up period compared to no intervention. Additionally, AA members reported new friendships and enhanced mood as well as increased coping skills and motivation for abstinence. There is also evidence that controlled drinking may work for some alcohol abusers; however, identifying which individuals can handle controlled drinking without major relapse is crucial.
Medications are used in the treatment of alcohol-use disorder. Antabuse (disulfiram) produces an aversion to alcohol, however alcoholics often use Antabuse inconsistently due to its adverse effects and few studies support its use. Naltrexone is a medication used to reduce craving for and pleasure in using alcohol and has been found to reduce heavy drinking among individuals with strong cravings for alcohol yet it is less effective in sustaining abstinence.
Psychological and pharmacological approaches to alcohol treatment demonstrate only modest effects. For college students, face-to-face interventions using motivational interviewing and providing information correcting misperceptions of social norms regarding drinking demonstrated a reduction in alcohol-related problems. These methods combined with challenging positive expectancies regarding alcohol use successfully reduced heavy drinking in another group of college students. There a need for continued research regarding treatments for alcoholism and need to increase access to alcohol treatment, as research indicates the decision to enter treatment is a crucial change point for those with alcohol dependence.
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To investigate the role of genetic factors in personality, researchers administered the MMPI to pairs of identical twins who had been reared apart and pairs of nonidentical twins who had been reared together. Imagine that these researchers found that the nonidentical twins reared together were more similar on a given trait than the identical twins reared apart. This would be evidence that:
a. genetics has a larger influence than the environment on the expression of that particular trait b. genetics and the environment are equally influential on the expression of that particular trait c. neither genetics nor the environment influences the expression of that particular trait d. the environment has a larger influence than genetics on the expression of that particular trait
Janine is receiving normal prenatal care for her pregnancy. It is very likely that at some point she will have an ultrasound performed
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
_____ is a short-term humanistic therapy that emphasizes the expression, acknowledgement, and healing power of emotions in the present moment.
A. Gestalt therapy B. Emotionally focused therapy C. Congruence therapy D. Genuineness therapy