Explain the challenges associated with generating effective vaccines against encapsulated bacteria
What will be an ideal response?
Encapsulated bacteria possess a polysaccharide capsule that not only resists phagocytosis but also inhibits the activation of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Vaccines containing purified polysaccharide components induce weak T-cell-independent B-cell responses limited to low-affinity IgM antibodies and no memory B cell production.
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Antidiarrheal agents are contraindicated in which of the following situations?
a. Congestive heart failure, history of renal calculi, cirrhosis, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance b. Impaired renal and liver function, pregnancy, and with children c. Concomitant use with Warfarin or C-diff associated with antibiotics d. Acute abdominal pain or prolonged use e. Seizure disorders and cardiac arrhythmia
Oxidation of fatty acids begins in the cytoplasm but finishes inside the mitochondria
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Researchers believe that the stress hormones cortisol and cytokines could damage a part of the brain known as the
A) motor cortex. B) central sulcus. C) hippocampus. D) prefrontal lobe.
The mons pubis is an area of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone in females
Indicate whether the statement is true or false