Pre-colonial American societies had examples of both chiefdoms and states. Explain how you would distinguish between the levels of political organization, and give an example of each from the Americas
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Greater specialization and more formal leadership in states
2. State dependence on intensive agriculture
3. Suitable examples of chiefdom and state societies
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Peasants differ from tribal peoples in that peasants
A) are more autonomous. B) trade with other communities. C) engage in food production. D) transfer surpluses to dominant elites. E) fit better into their environments.
Culture is defined by which of the following characteristics?
a. economic activities b. symbolic communication c. social organization d. material culture e. cognitive, political, social, economic and technological components
All of the following are drawbacks associated with the DNA evidence of tracing African origins except: a. scientists assume the DNA is originating in Africa and migrating out, but it could also be migrating into Africa. b. mtDNA is not always passed from mother to child? sometimes, it skips a generation. c. scientists assume that selective pressures do not affect the DNA, but there is
evidence for selective pressureon mtDNA. d. both models suggest steady rates of mutation, and mutation is notoriously uneven. e. mtDNA studies exclude information carried on the Y chromosome.
"Hard bargaining" is an example of:
a. balanced reciprocity b. negative reciprocity c. generalized reciprocity d. retributive reciprocity