Which two hormones work in opposition to regulate the blood glucose level?
a. Epinephrine and aldosterone
b. Insulin and glucagon
c. Thyroxine and aldosterone
d. Cortisol and calcitonin
ANS: B
Glucagon stimulates the liver to catabolize glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis) and to increase gluconeogenesis to use fats and excess amino acids for energy production. The overall effect, therefore, is to raise the blood glucose level for cellular uptake and respiration. Insulin decreases the blood glucose level by increasing the use of glucose for energy, promoting the storage of excess glucose, and decreasing energy production from other food sources. Epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol, and thyroxine can all raise blood glucose; calcitonin does not affect glucose.
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