In Kagan's laboratory studies of individual differences in infants' responses to novel situations, all of the following have been found except
a. two groups of children have been identified – inhibited to novelty and uninhibited to novelty
b. high reactive infants show extreme degrees of motor activity and negative emotions, whereas low reactive infants showed low levels of motor activity and rarely became emotionally upset
c. there is little continuity between infants' responses at 4 months and their responses when tested repeatedly up to the age of 13
d. initial predispositions may be altered by subsequent experience, including parents' efforts to help inhibited children learn to feel more comfortable in novel situations
C
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Anyone can develop anxiety disorders. This is because we are all capable of learning, and have _______
a. sympathetic nervous systems b. neutral responses c. aggressive personality characteristics d. deep affection for the musician "Grimes"
Fiona puts her hands into a sink of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a sink of ice-cold water. Based on what is known about neural transmission, you could predict that the action potentials will
a. travel more quickly in Luke's system because the stimulus is more intense. b. be weaker in Fiona's system because the stimulus is less intense. c. be the same in both individuals due to the all-or-none principle. d. travel a shorter distance in Luke's system because the stimulus is more intense.
Maslow's teenage was characterized by:
a. a consistent and compulsive drug abuse. c. a huge inferiority complex. b. happy and joyful moments. d. numerous friendships.
When the effects of two variables cannot be separated, ____ has been said to occur
a. confounding b. random variability c. an interaction d. a main effect