Which of the following has not been cited as a concern using fines as a penal measure for white collar crime?
a. If excessive, they may inhibit corporate managers from undertaking socially beneficial activities
b. If too low, they may be treated as a “cost of business”
c. They are not likely to be cost-efficient for the justice system
d. They may strip the punishment of corporations of any serious moral component
c. They are not likely to be cost-efficient for the justice system
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Contingency theory is based on the concept that there is no single form of organizational structure or style that is appropriate for all situations
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is the term used by the appellate court when upholding a lower court’s decision?
a. Affirm b. Approve c. Retain d. Stand with
What percentage of cases are handled through plea bargaining?
A. 79% B. 5% C. 95% D. 50%
In the context of the reformatory movement, identify a true statement about the reformatory.
A. It was based on a military model of regimentation and emphasized academic and vocational training in addition to work. B. It was designed for older, more hardened offenders between 31 and 45 years of age. C. It employed determinate sentences to facilitate greater control over inmates. D. It denied inmates any opportunity for a parole or an early release even when they showed favorable progress in reformation.