A nurse providing care in the 1970s follows a process when making clinical decisions. Which of the following processes would have been used?
a. Evidence-based nursing practice
b. The science of medicine
c. Evidence-based medicine
d. Research utilization
ANS: D
Research utilization projects in the 1970s provided a guide to clinical practice. The term evi-dence-based was not used until 1992, and was first applied to medicine before it was used in nursing. There was a growing consensus in the 1970s among nursing leaders that scientific knowledge should be used as a basis for nursing practice, so there was a shift away from the practice of medicine.
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