All humans alive today have inherited their mitochondrial DNA from some individual female common ancestor. Studies indicate this woman probably lived about ________ years ago, when fossil evidence indicates that Homo sapiens was restricted to ________

A) 20,000; Africa
B) 50,000; Africa and Asia
C) 180,000; Africa
D) 500,000; Africa, Asia, and Europe


Answer: C

Biology & Microbiology

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Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

A) The population size is low, but diversity is high. B) They produce and excrete amino acids. C) They help catabolize polysaccharides. D) They are involved in the "maturing" of the gastrointestinal tract.

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The supercoils in the loops of the nucleoid can be relaxed by introducing nicks

A. true B. false

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Destruction or inactivation of antimicrobial agents is an example of what kind of bacterial resistance mechanism?

A) target alteration B) membrane permeability alteration C) enzyme development D) enzyme alteration

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The sensory receptors that sense changes in the body's internal environment are called ________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology