Who is/are the common ancestor (s) of individual IV-1?

a. I-1
b. I-1 and I-2
c. I-2
d. I-2 and I-3
e. I-1, I-2 and I-3


Answer: c. I-2

Biology & Microbiology

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Differentiation occurs only in multicellular organisms

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following mediators would not be categorized as a cytokine?

A. A protein that is released by a bacterial cell following phagocytosis B. A protein that stimulates hematopoiesis C. A protein that regulates adaptive immunity D. A protein that regulates innate resistance mechanisms

Biology & Microbiology

Water has fewer hydrogen atoms than lemon juice and a pH of around 7. Predict what will happen to the pH level of water when lemon juice is added.

A. The pH will become higher. B. The pH will become lower. C. The pH will remain the same. D. There is not enough information to decide.

Biology & Microbiology

Which is a defining characteristic of adaptive immunity?

a. nonspecificity b. diversity c. short-lived responses d. self recognition e. reliance on surface barriers

Biology & Microbiology