Marketers often use focus groups to learn how consumers interpret their IMC messages. Experience has shown that
A. each receiver decodes IMC messages in his or her own way.
B. marketers can almost always use the same message for all audiences.
C. effective branding requires marketers to encode messages identically for each market.
D. messages are decoded in the manner intended by the encoder.
E. action is taken before desire and interest are determined.
Answer: A
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