Discuss the geographic and scientific challenges that affected the course of European maritime activity in the thirteenth through fifteenth centuries
What will be an ideal response?
A. Geographic challenges
1. Indian Ocean was easy to cross but hard to enter or exit
2. journey was too long, laborious, and hazardous to generate much profit
B. scientific challenges
1. Europe's only effective access by sea to the rest of the world is along its
western seaboard, into the Atlantic, which has a fixed-wind system
a. instead of changing direction seasonally, as in monsoonal systems,
prevailing winds in the Atlantic are always the same
2. took a long time to develop navigation with fixed-wind systems
a. until navigators explored and decoded the winds' pathways,
adventurers could not get home
3. explorers had to discover the winds that led to commercially important
destinations
4. lack of information and experience
a. navigators had no means to keep track of longitude as they beat
their way home against the wind
5. attempts were made during the fifteenth century to explore Atlantic
a. doomed themselves to failure by setting out in the belt of westerly
winds
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Discuss and compare the invention and influence of Buddhism and Confucian thought on Indian and Chinese societies in the era around 500 B.C.E
What will be an ideal response?
Pakistan and India clashed in the late 1900s over ________
A) Bangladesh B) Sri Lanka C) Mysore D) Kashmir
The author of Summa Theologiae was
a. Abelard. b. Thomas Aquinas. c. Pope Urban III. d. Saladin. e. Francis of Assisi.
The substitution of traditional imports by increasing domestic industrial production in Latin America began to fail in the 1960s because
a. they often lacked sufficient labor to allow them to compete with foreign manufacturers. b. Japan refused to buy any goods from countries using import-substitution. c. domestic markets were too small and countries were unable to find enough foreign buyers. d. United States firms effectively stifled attempts to establish industry in Latin America. e. foreign capital costs and a welter of other, highly technical problems fatally weakened attempts to expand Latin American industry.