Mycobacterium leprae infections manifest in two different forms in a patient. What are these? What determines which form the patient will develop?
What will be an ideal response?
Mycobacterium leprae produces a disease known as leprosy in susceptible patients. The symptoms of the disease depend on the patient's cell-mediated immune response. In patients with a strong cell-mediated immune response, the patient is able to kill cells infected with the bacteria. In these individuals, the disease manifests as a nonprogressive form of the disease called tuberculoid leprosy. The bacteria cause nerve damage that leads to loss of sensation in regions of skin. In patients with weak cell-mediated immunity, the bacteria multiply in the skin and nerves and gradually lead to progressive loss of facial features, digits, and other body structures. This form of the disease is known as lepromatous leprosy.
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What was the transforming principle isolated in Griffith's experiment?
A) Protein B) RNA C) DNA D) Virus E) Polysaccharide
Which pigment is responsible for the phototropism responses of plants?
A) Ethylene B) Xanthophyll C) Phytochrome D) Auxin E) Chlorophyll
The gene PD-1 plays an important role in immune response to tumor cells. How would using gene editing to knock out this gene help T cells recognize and kill cancer cells?
A) PD-1 will be expressed in the cytosol of the cancer cell. This protects PD-1 from the T cell. B) PD-1 will be expressed in the cytosol of the T cell. This protects PD-1 from cancer cells. C) PD-1 will not be expressed on the cancer cell surface. This prevents T cell recognition. D) PD-1 will not be expressed on the T cell surface. This circumvents one line of the cancer cells defense.
Modern biologists use the term chromosome to describe _____.
A) a cell's DNA when it's physically located within the nucleus B) DNA when its two strands have separated from each other C) the DNA when visible with a microscope inside a dividing cell D) double-stranded DNA and its protein complement, irrespective of its form E) the DNA when it's dispersed and functioning within the nucleus