A client is complaining of esophageal reflux. In order for stomach contents to reflux backward, the nurse knows they must go through:
1. the pyloric sphincter.
2. the cardiac sphincter.
3. the urethral sphincter.
4. Oddi's sphincter.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: The pyloric sphincter is located at the gastroduodenal junction.
Rationale 2: During esophageal reflux, the stomach contracts, overwhelming the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter).
Rationale 3: The urethral sphincter is not involved in esophageal reflux.
Rationale 4: Oddi's sphincter is at the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
Global Rationale: During esophageal reflux, the stomach contracts, overwhelming the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter). The pyloric sphincter is located at the gastroduodenal junction. The urethral sphincter is not involved in esophageal reflux. Oddi's sphincter is at the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
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