Which of the following therapies should be considered as first line of therapy in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
b. Mechanical ventilation
c. High-flow nasal cannula
d. Systemic steroids
ANS: A
The differences in reported outcome between these studies suggest that NIV should be consid-ered standard of care for COPD patients in an acute exacerbation and offered as first-line thera-py to patients in all institutions treating the COPD patient.
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You have been called to a hunting camp for a patient with a severe localized cold injury to his hand and fingers. The patient is suffering no life-threatening conditions and you elect to rewarm the affected areas. Which one of the following would be appropriate for this patient?
A) Immerse the hand and fingers in water no hotter than 120°F. B) Place the hand lower than the heart after rewarming is complete. C) Do not stir the water while the hand is submerged to decrease risk for injury. D) Thaw and rewarm the tissue as quickly as possible.
When controlling the scene of an emergency involving damaged power poles and downed electrical wires, the EMT must remember to:
A) use nonconductive implements to make a safe path to victims. B) render the scene safe before entering the danger zone. C) request appropriate personnel to cut the power source. D) use double-thickness gloves to insulate the body from electrocution.
A 1.25% solution of acetic acid has been shown to be an effective bactericidal agent against:
a. Staphylococcus au-reus c. Micobacterium tu-berculosis b. Pseudomonas aeru-ginosa d. Streptococcus pneumoniae