Which of the following cytokines promotes the development of a cell-mediated immune response?
A) alpha interferon
B) chemokines
C) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
D) IL-4 (interleukin-4)
E) IL-12
E
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Which exotic species was NOT accidentally
introduced into the United States? a. Japanese beetle b. Dutch elm disease fungus c. zebra mussel d. water hyacinth e. sea lamprey
Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via _____
A) loss of water through the gills B) gain of salt through the gills C) loss of water in the urine D) no drinking of water E) gain of water through food
In selection, one extreme phenotype is the fittest while others are selected against.
A. convergent B. disruptive C. artificial D. stabilizing E. directional
Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called ____
a. mycelia b. hyphae c. mycorrhizae d. stolons e. rhizoids