The nurse is speaking with an older client who wants information regarding colorectal cancer. The nurse would give the client which of the following explanations?
1. The risk of colorectal cancer decreases with age.
2. Colorectal cancer can be detected in early stages by measuring the level of the carcinogenicembryonic antigen (CEA).
3. Colorectal cancer has no symptoms in the early stage but can be detected by screening tools, such as fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy.
4. Colorectal cancer occurs no more frequently in clients who have a history of ulcerative colitis than in clients without that history.
3. Colorectal cancer has no symptoms in the early stage but can be detected by screening tools, such as fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy.
Rationale:
Colorectal cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages. Screening tools such as annual fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy performed every 5 to 10 years can detect the cancer when it is still in the curable stage. The risk of colorectal cancer rises with age and is the most common cancer after the age of 65. Carcinogenicembryonic antigen (CEA) is not considered a diagnostic test but is used as a tumor marker to follow and manage the disease in clients diagnosed with the disease. The incidence of colorectal cancer is increased in clients with a history of ulcerative colitis, and these clients need diligent screening.
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The client, whose mother has Huntington disease, is considering genetic testing but is not sure whether she really wants to know the results. She asks what the nurse would do in her situation. What is the nurse's best response?
a. "I would have the test so I could decide whether to have children or to adopt children." b. "I can only tell you the benefits and the risks of testing. You must make this deci-sion yourself." c. "Because there is no cure for this disease and testing would not be beneficial, I would not have the test." d. "You need to check with your brothers and sisters to determine whether testing for this disease would be appropriate for you."
A client has just moved to a new city and visits a nurse practitioner (NP) because of gastrointestinal distress. When the NP takes the client's history, the NP suspects some type of somatoform disorder
What is the next step necessary to confirm a diagnosis in this category? A) Conduct a mental status examination. B) Conduct a thorough physical examination. C) Review the client's old medical records. D) Refer the client to a psychiatrist.
Upon aspirating a saline lock prior to administering intravenous medication, the nurse notes that there is no blood return. What nursing action should be taken?
1. Discontinue this infiltrated lock and restart another site for medication administration. 2. Slowly infuse 1 mL of saline into the lock, assessing for infiltration. 3. Reinsert the needle into the lock and aspirate using more pressure. 4. Pull the intravenous catheter out 1/8 inch and attempt aspiration.
A patient who has had several sexual partners in the past month expresses a desire to use a contraceptive. Which contraceptive method should the nurse recommend?
a. Condom b. Diaphragm c. Spermicide d. Oral contraceptive