Name two forms of antagonistic coevolution
What will be an ideal response?
ANS:
predator–prey coevolution and parasite–host coevolution
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Which scenario is an example of positive feedback?
a. When oxygen levels are low, the kidneys secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells until oxygen demands are met. b. As blood pressure increases, specialized neurons relay the change to the brainstem, which in turn, decreases the contractility of the heart and leads to vasodilation, thereby decreasing blood pressure. c. After an injury, chemicals released at the site of injury will activate platelets, which will in turn activate additional platelets, and so on, until the clot has formed and the injury is no longer bleeding. d. When stress levels are high, the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which in turn stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which then triggers the release of cortisol. Increased cortisol levels then inhibit the release of CRH and ACTH. e. After eating, when glucose levels are high, insulin levels increase, leading to an increase in glycogen and fat synthesis to remove excess glucose from circulation.
If the first sphincter of the digestive tube does
not operate properly, what condition could result?
a. stomach ulcers b. small intestine ulcers c. tooth decay d. heartburn e. constipation
Accommodation involves the ability to
a. change the sensitivity of the rods and cones by means of neurotransmitters. b. change the curvature of the cornea. c. change the thickness of the lens by contracting or relaxing certain muscles. d. adapt to large changes in light intensity. e. do all of these.
What is the microtubule arrangement of a flagellum or cilium?
a. 9 x1 array b. 9 + 1 array c. 9 x 3 structure d. 9 + 2 arrangement e. 9 + 3 arrangement