Discuss three examples that illustrate how Christianity spread without royal sponsorship. Why did Christian missionaries still focus on royal sponsors?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Christiandom, Constantinian model, was model for conversion in Middle Ages
1. conversion begins with the ruler
2. conversion of a nation or a people, as related in medieval sources, began with the conversion of a king
B. Exceptions to model
1. Franks
a. responded directly to the appeal of Bishop Remigius, not to any initiative by their chief
b. conversion among the Franks preceded or accompanied that of Clovis
2. Iceland
a. "democratic" decision-making prevailed
b. the collective adoption of Christianity was resolved in the assembly of the people
3. Vladimir and the Rus
a. politics decided Vladimir in favor of Orthodox Christianity
b. Vladimir imposed Christianity by violence
c. ordering that Christian liturgy be conducted in the Slavonic language the Rus spoke
4. Christianity also spread in undocumented or barely documented ways
a. movements of population, journeys of merchants and envoys
C. Christian missionary strategy remained focused on leaders
1. best way of mobilizing people
2. great sequence of royal conversions in the late tenth and early eleventh centuries more or less established the frontier of Christendom
a. Harold Bluetooth in Denmark
b. Mieszko in Poland
c. King Olaf Tryggvason in Norway
d. Olof Skötkunung of the Svear in Sweden
e. Stephen in Hungary
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These were not advantages enjoyed by the South at the outset of the war:
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following correctly states the belief of Thaddeus Stevens and other congressional Republicans who criticized Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction? a. The South's plantation elite erred in establishing the Confederacy, but the Union itself was never broken andendured through the Civil War
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