How did scientific thought in the late-nineteenth-century support the trend of change and innovation in European life?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Darwin's theory of evolution and its application as social Darwinism
2. Lamarck's earlier conception of evolutionary change
3. Comte's argument that social behavior could be understood scientifically
4. Alfred Wallace's concept of natural selection
5. Herbert Spencer's belief that competition is essential for progress
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What does the Bible's reference to Abraham living in "Ur of the Chaldaeans" around 2000 B.C.E. suggest about the book of Genesis?
A) Genesis was not written until much later when the Chaldeans ruled Babylon. B) Historical accounts of Near Eastern history that contradict Genesis must be wrong. C) Archaeology is of little use in understanding the Bible. D) Nothing in the Bible can be trusted as history. E) Abraham must have been a real person, for he is accurately set in time and place.
In the election of 1836:
A) the Whigs tried to do on purpose what had happened in 1824. B) united behind Henry Clay as their candidate. C) appealed to supporters of "King" Van Buren. D) Jackson lost his bid for a third term.
Aurangzeb's Mughal army had
a. less advanced artillery than European armies b. ?war elephants but no advanced weapons c. ?catapults but no cannon d. ?gunpowder weapons and war elephants e. too few men under arms
The government of Napoleon III did all of the following except
A) became increasingly oppressive. B) generated economic growth and, in turn, higher living standards. C) cleared slums, granted workers limited rights to strike, and redeveloped Paris. D) subjected itself to a plebiscite in 1870. E) silenced opposition or drove them into exile.