The nurse is counseling an overweight, noncompliant, 30-year-old female with type 2 diabetes. Which change is most important for the nurse to suggest?
a. Begin an exercise program and lose weight.
b. Obtain annual eye examinations.
c. Keep a food diary.
d. Inspect feet daily.
A
All of these changes are important, but exercise and weight loss are priority changes. In the type 2 diabetic, weight reduction and increased physical activity can restore blood glucose to normal levels and maintained it—hence the importance of diet and exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Annual eye examinations are important to detect onset of diabetic retinopathy. A food diary can help the patient to visualize food intake that may be subconscious otherwise. Diabetics are prone to foot problems and wounds and should inspect their feet daily.
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A patient with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has begun taking metformin. This drug will help the patient achieve adequate blood sugar control through which of the following mechanisms? (Select all that apply)
A) Binding excess glucose to adipose tissue B) Decreasing glucose production by the liver C) Improving insulin sensitivity D) Decreasing glucose absorption in the GI tract E) Increasing urinary excretion of glucose
The nurse will question what medication order for a diabetic patient who takes insulin to control his blood sugar level?
A) Propranolol (Inderal) 10 mg orally t.i.d. B) Furosemide (Lasix) 60 mg/d orally C) Cefaclor (Ceclor) 250 mg orally every 8 hour D) Metoclopramide (Reglan) 20 mg PO
Which of the following physician's orders would the nurse anticipate in cases of osteomyelitis to minimize pain and decrease the speed of infection by lymph channels?
a. ice packs to the affected limb c. splinting of the limb b. heat to the affected limb d. intravenous pain medication
A nurse teaches a client that the functions of vitamins are specific. Which statement by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary?
A)"Vitamin C prevents scurvy, which affects bones. Vitamin D does too, so it's okay to take vitamin D if my vitamin C intake is too low." B) "The B vitamins, along with vitamin C and biotin, are all water-soluble vitamins that I can take and dissolve in water." C) "I could die if I take too much vitamin A or vitamin D, because those are fat-soluble vitamins that have varying lengths of absorption in the gut." D) "Even though vitamins E and K are fat-soluble, they have different functions, and I cannot substitute one for another."