Twenty student nurses take the NCLEX examination. If the average of the twenty scores is known, how many degrees of freedom are there in the sample?
a. 18
b. 19
c. 20
d. 21
ANS: B
The concept of degrees of freedom was used originally in reference to computing a confidence interval, but it applies to any statistical computation. Degrees of freedom are the number of independent pieces of information that are free to vary in order to estimate another piece of information. If, for instance, the mean and the total "n" are known, if all of the values except one are known, the last one can be calculated. However, if all except two are known, one has the freedom to vary, and the other one's value is then set. In calculations, the degrees of freedom (df) are n – 1. This means that there are n – 1 independent observations in the sample of n data points that are free to vary (to be any value).
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