When a token economy was instituted in a psychiatric hospital:
a. there was a dramatic increase in appropriate patient behaviors.
b. patient behavior improved but only when staff was watching.
c. initial patient improvements were quickly lost when the novelty wore off.
d. there was no improvement until real money was substituted for the tokens.
ANS: A
FEEDBACK: A ward of female psychotic patients in a state mental institution was treated as a giant Skinner box. They had been institutionalized for a long time and were unable to care for themselves. In this setting of utter hopelessness, the patients were offered opportunities to work at jobs, for which they would receive tokens. The conditioning worked dramatically. Not only did the patients groom themselves and clean their surroundings, but they also busied themselves at a variety of tasks.
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