What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two Michigan cases, one involving the University of Michigan undergraduate program and one the law school?
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
c. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision. –
d. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
a
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Which of the following is one of the state's central budget problems?
a. budget gridlock b. structural deficits. c. the absence of long-term budget planning. d. all of the above are correct.
The Clinton administration's Urban Empowerment Zones differ from earlier urban enterprise zones in that the empowerment zones:
A. cover many more locations across the country. B. offer social services as well as business incentives. C. rely on social services rather than business incentives. D. none of the above
What do author James Fallows, Congressman Charlie Rangel, and comedian John Stewart agree will end the U.S. tendency in recent decades of being mired in endless wars?
a. Decreasing the defense budget b. Investing in weapons technology c. Improving security measures d. Reinstating a mandatory military draft e. Limiting the power of the president to engage in war
The rapidly growing use of the Internet in recent years
a. has led to extensive Internet censorship by the government. b. has reduced the capacity of Chinese students to write Chinese characters. c. has intensified popular sympathy for Japan and other Asian nations. d. has destroyed the government’s capacity to censor foreign news reports.