Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Negative reinforcers are unpleasant stimuli that are removed when a desired behavior occurs.
2. A positive punishment is one where a stimulus is applied to the offender when the offender commits an undesired behavior.
3. Aggravating circumstances magnify the offensive nature of the crime and tend to result in longer sentences.
4. The southern and western regions of the United States impose harsher sentences than other regions of the United States.
5. Community corrections sanctions can be swifter in implementation, and they are much more certain in their application.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Criminal Justice

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Mary meets Jacob, a young and prominent political figure, at a rally. The two develop a relationship that lasts a number of years; however, the relationship ends bitterly. Mary, angry and resentful, threatens to reveal embarrassing secrets about Jacob and Jacob’s family if he does not get back together with her. Is Mary guilty of extortion? Why or why not? Is Mary guilty of blackmail? Why or why not?

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice

_______________ requires a three-way approach that involves the offender, the victim, and the community

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Why is the socioeconomic factor in determining juvenile disposition difficult to study?

A) It is usually studied together with race. B) Socioeconomic statistics are not gathered. C) Juveniles who get in trouble with the law are usually of the same socioeconomic group. D) It is not related to crime.

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is not a special characteristic of electronic evidence?

A) It is fragile and easily altered or compromised. B) It may be time sensitive. C) It is non-latent. D) It can transcend state and national borders.

Criminal Justice