Whose well was considered the first commercially successful oil well?
A) Samuel Kier
B) Benjamin Sillman, Jr.
C) Colonel Edwin Drake
D) William Aaron Hart
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Incorrect. In 1850, Samuel Kier built the first petroleum refinery in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
B) Incorrect. In 1855, Benjamin Sillman, Jr., a Yale University professor, began researching crude oil. He hypothesized that the components of the crude mixture could be separated using heat and the distillation process. He was correct. Sillman discovered that each component in the mixture had a unique boiling point and could, therefore, be separated out into a number of products (including naphtha, solvents, kerosene, heavy oils, and tars).
C) Correct. In 1859, four years after Sillman's discovery, Colonel Edwin Drake changed the face of the industry when he began exploring for oil using an old steam engine to power a drill. Drake used a steam engine-drill combination at a drill site near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The 70-foot deep well on that spot met with almost immediate success. Drake's well is considered the first commercially successful oil well.
D) Incorrect. In 1821, a gunsmith named William Aaron Hart drilled the first natural gas well in Fredonia, New York. The gas from this 27-foot well was piped to nearby buildings and was used for fuel and lighting.
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