Compare and contrast hepatitis B and delta hepatitis
What will be an ideal response?
Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus that is transmitted by blood or body fluids as in blood transfusion, sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, or a needlestick injury. The virus is a complete particle known as the Dane particle that is composed of the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and outer viral coat or HBsAg made up of lipid and protein.
Hepatitis D is a small defective virus that is unable to produce its own viral coat. It can reproduce itself only by coating itself with HBsAg produced by HBV so that it is able to form a complete virus particle that is a hybrid of HBsAg and inner delta virus core.
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An elder receives speech therapy for dysarthria. Which advice should the nurse offer the elder to enhance the speech therapist's work?
a. Speak quietly in a quiet location. b. Articulate several words in a row. c. Practice facial exercises regularly. d. Restrict the mouth from opening too far.
A patient reports frequent sleep disturbances. Which interventions could be considered to help improve the patient's sleep pattern? Select all that apply
a. Aromatherapy b. Chamomile c. Vitamin C d. Valerian e. SAM-e
Signs and symptoms that may indicate abuse by a family member include
A. the patient crying. B. signs of neglect such as poor personal hygiene. C. the patient being confused. D. the patient stating that she was not abused.
The nurse is going to assess a patient's ankle–brachial index. Which equipment will the nurse use for this assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) Tape measure B) Stethoscope C) Doppler device D) Blood pressure cuff E) Reflex hammer