Identify one biological and one socio-cultural factor that contribute to gender-based aggression. Summarize the evidence that supports each of these factors influencing gender-based aggression.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

For biological factors responses may mention testosterone or evolve the jealousy. For sociocultural factors responses may mention honor cultures, precarious manhood, power and structural gender inequality, or I3 theory. An example answer may proceed as follows.
Evolutionary psychologists propose that males evolved an increased tendency for jealousy in order to avoid the problem of paternity uncertainty. In other words, males evolved a heightened sensitivity to partner infidelity in order to avoid the risk of investing resources into offspring that doesn’t carry one’s genes. Jealousy may contribute to gender-based aggression by motivating men to control their partners using violent or aggressive tactics. In support of this, studies show that jealousy is the most frequently cited reason for mail initiated intimate partner violence. Cultures of honor provide a socio-cultural account of gender-based aggression. Men in honor cultures are expected to defend their own reputations and those of their family members even with violence. In these cultures women are expected to avoid any behavior that could bring shame to their family. Marital infidelity, refusing marriage proposals, or denying partners’ sex is often met with violence towards women in these cultures because of the affronts on family honor associated with each of these behaviors.