Which of the following findings are exclusion criteria for using noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the patient with acute respiratory failure?
1. Apnea
2. Hemodynamic or cardiac instability
3. Low risk of aspiration
4. Lack of cooperation by the patient
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Exclusion criteria include apnea, hemodynamic or cardiac instability, lack of cooperation by the patient, facial burns, facial trauma, copious amounts of secretions, high risk of aspiration, and an-atomic abnormalities that interfere with gas delivery.
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When an Allen test result is negative, blood for blood gas analysis should be drawn from which of the following sites?
a. Earlobe c. Brachial artery b. Radial artery d. Side of the heel
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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Cystourethroscopy with ureteral catheterization with subureteric injection of implant material