The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that infants should
A) sleep on their bellies.
B) co-sleep with one or both parents.
C) co-sleep with one or more siblings.
D) sleep in their own crib placed near to the parents.
D) sleep in their own crib placed near to the parents. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that infants should sleep on their backs and in their own crib placed near to the parents.
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When making complex decisions you should take into account your ____________________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The 38-week time frame prior to birth is called the
A. trolley dilemma. B. socialization. C. assimilation. D. prenatal period.
Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep that usually last 10 to 20 minutes?
a) parasomnia
b) insomnia
c) somnambulism
d) narcolepsy
Define Carl Rogers' personality structures of the self and
selfÂimage? describe what is meant by a fully functioning person and contrast this with a person who is incongruent, including the two ways that incongruence can occur; and explain how children develop conditions of worth, how these internalized conditions of worth contribute to incongruence, and why unconditional positive regard is so important. Rogers emphasized that to maximize our potentials, we must accept information about ourselves as honestly as possible. Researchers have found that people with a close match between their self-image and ideal self tend to be socially poised, confident, and resourceful. Those with a poor match tend to be depressed, anxious, and insecure. The development of a self-image depends greatly on information from the environment. It begins with a sorting of perceptions and feelings: my body, my nose, I want, I like, etc. Soon, it expands to include self-evaluation: I am a good person, I did something bad, etc. Rogers believed that positive and negative evaluations by others cause children to develop internal standards of evaluation called conditions of worth, in which we learn that some actions win our parents' love and approval, whereas others are rejected. More important, parents may label some feelings as bad or wrong. For example, a child might be told that it is wrong to feel angry toward a brother or sister, even when anger is justified. Learning to evaluate some experiences or feelings as "good" and others as "bad" is directly related to a later capacity for self-esteem, positive self-evaluation, or positive self-regard. To think of yourself as a good, lovable, worthwhile person, your behavior and experiences must match your internal conditions of worth. The problem is that this can cause incongruence by leading to the denial of many true feelings and experiences. Thus, Rogers blamed many adult emotional problems on attempts to live by the standards of others. He believed that congruence and self-actualization are encouraged by replacing conditions of worth with organismic valuing. Organismic valuing is a direct, gut-level response to life that avoids the filtering and distortion of incongruence and involves trusting one's own feelings and perceptions. Organismic valuing is most likely to develop when children (or adults) receive unconditional positive regard from others. That is, when they are "prized" as worthwhile human beings, just for being themselves, without any conditions or strings attached. Although this may be a luxury few people enjoy, we are more likely to move toward our ideal selves if we receive affirmation and support from a close partner. What will be an ideal response?