During an assessment, the nurse notes that the patient's apical impulse is laterally displaced and is palpable over a wide area. This finding indicates:
a. Systemic hypertension.
b. Pulmonic hypertension.
c. Pressure overload, as in aortic stenosis.
d. Volume overload, as in heart failure.
ANS: D
With volume overload, as in heart failure and cardiomyopathy, cardiac enlargement laterally displaces the apical impulse and is palpable over a wider area when left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation are present.
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