Which of the following is a difference between a civil lawsuit and a criminal lawsuit?
A. Unlike defendants in civil lawsuits, defendants in criminal lawsuits are prosecuted by public officials.
B. Unlike civil lawsuits, criminal lawsuits are initiated by private parties.
C. Unlike judgements in criminal lawsuits, judgements in civil lawsuits involve penalties.
D. Unlike criminal lawsuits, civil lawsuits involve wrongs committed against the public as a whole.
E. Unlike criminal lawsuits, civil lawsuits result in imprisonment.
Answer: A
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Most of the Framers felt that the Constitution adequately protected the states against encroachment by the national government. How, then, did proponents of nationalization succeed in expanding the power of the national government?
What will be an ideal response?
Under the Articles of Confederation, the states faced a classic prisoner’s dilemma for which of the following reasons?
a. Great Britain still ran most of the institutions in the United States. b. With no enforcement mechanism in place, no state would contribute its share of the revenue so long as it suspected other states might not meet their obligations. c. The efficiency of the design of government meant that no free riding occurred among the states. d. Individuals paid federal income taxes, but the states were not required or expected to contribute troops to the war effort.
Which of the following about policy-making in Brazil is NOT true?
a. Although in general, policy-making tends to be fluid and ambiguous, there are some policy domains that are clearly defined. b. Complex formal and informal networks tend to be the chief players in the policy process. c. While organized business has consistently been influential in the policy-making process, organized labor has generally not. d. Policy implementation is the subject of perpetual bargaining. e. The president is the central actor in the policy-making process.
Among other holdings, the case of McCulloch v. Maryland
a. reaffirmed the power of the states to levy taxes. b. found that the necessary and proper clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish a national bank. c. found that the necessary and proper clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution did give Congress the authority to establish a national bank. d. reaffirmed the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce. e. reaffirmed the rights of states to find national laws null and void.