Compare and contrast meningococcal meningitis and meningitis caused by Haemophilus, including etiologic agents, pathology, and epidemiology.
What will be an ideal response?
Both diseases are transmitted in aerosols or droplets of upper respiratory secretions and are potentially fatal. Both diseases are preventable by vaccination. Both pathogens are fastidious, growing primarily on chocolate agar plates, and are oxidase positive.
A previously common early childhood bacterial meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae type-b, a facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. H. influenzae most commonly causes disease in children less than two years of age. H. influenzae has a capsule that makes it resistant to phagocytosis.
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative aerobic diplococcus. N. meningitidis often causes meningitis in young adults, although young children are also susceptible. N. meningitidis has a polysaccharide capsule that does not prevent phagocytosis but resists digestion once inside phagocytes. As a consequence, N. meningitidis becomes an intracellular parasite of phagocytes.
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What is the difference in the bonding between alpha-helix and beta sheets?
A. Hydrogen bonding between the amides only occurs in one of these two types of secondary structures. B. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the amides of adjacent chains in the sheets instead of between the amides in different parts of the helices. C. Sulfur bridges allow the spring like turns in alpha helices and van der Waals dispersion allows the folds in beta sheets. D. Hydrogen bonding always occurs in the alpha helices but only occurs in parallel beta sheets.
Protothecosis is an infection of humans or animals that is caused by a chlorophyte (green algae).
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The structure labeled “B” in the figure is a(n)
a. asexual spore. b. haploid spore. c. zygospore. d. gamete. e. spore sac.
Glucose is converted into glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase. Glucose 6-phosphate then serves as the substrate for the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, which converts this reactant into fructose 6-phosphate. Fructose 6-phosphate serves as the substrate for phosphofructokinase, which converts fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Based on the information provided, this is an example of
A. enzyme inhibition. B. a metabolic pathway. C. allosteric regulation. D. feedback inhibition.