Clients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) may experience airway closure at the end of normal instead of low lung volumes, which result in:
A) Airway constriction of the main bronchus
B) Release of epinephrine, a catecholamine, which causes airway dilation
C) An increase in the physiological dead space in alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated
D) Trapping of large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange
Ans: D
Feedback:
The pressure needed to overcome the tension in the wall of a sphere or an elastic tube is inversely related to its radius; therefore, the small airways close first, trapping some air in the alveoli. This trapping of air may be increased in older persons and persons with chronic lung disease owing to a loss in the elastic recoil properties of the lungs. In these persons, airway closure occurs at the end of normal instead of low lung volumes, trapping larger amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange. It does not result in airway constriction, release of catecholamines, or an increase in the physiological dead space.
You might also like to view...
A medical term that means pertaining to the thymus gland is ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which of the following statements regarding hemostasis is not true?
A) Platelets release thromboplastin. B) Thromboplastin reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin. C) Thrombin works to convert fibrinogen to fibrin. D) Fibrin converts platelets into a clot.
The ________ position (when lying down) is used so the x-rays will pass through the body from front to back
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
What is a physical benefit of meditation??
A) ?less anxiety B) ?faster processing of information C) ?improved memory D) ?reduced risk of diabetes E) ?relief of chronic pain