Classical and operant conditioning are similar in many ways. Which of the following processes does NOT apply commonly to both types of learning?

What will be an ideal response?


Involuntary responses

Psychology

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Georgia sees her friend Bill running down the street. Without warning, Bill falls flat on his face. While Georgia finds this funny, she does not laugh because she knows that Bill does not find this funny. In not laughing, Georgia is demonstrating

a. egocentrism. b. role-taking skills. c. morality of justice. d. prosocial behavior.

Psychology

Lena is playing in the sandbox with the boys. Her teacher walks up and scolds her. "Shouldn't you be playing house with the other girls?" Later, when the boys ask her to play with her, Lena says, "That stuff is for boys. I don't like it," even though she really wants to play in the sandbox. According to Carl Rogers, Lena is experiencing ____.?

a. ?deficiency orientation b. ?low self-efficacy c. ?incongruence d. ?reaction formation

Psychology

When people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone, they are displaying the:

a. gambler's fallacy b. overconfidence effect c. conjunction fallacy d. framing effect

Psychology

Bipolar disorder may be associated with abnormalities in the

A. ventral prefrontal cortex. B. hippocampus and ventricles. C. parahippocampus and right orbitofrontal cortex. D. hippocampus and amygdala.

Psychology