The retributive rationale postulates that:
a. punishment is an end in itself.
b. punishment is a means rather than an end.
c. punishment is not and should not be the only response to crime.
d. punishment is never an option.
a
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According to Chapter 10, what researcher(s) provided a historical perspective of prison-based substance abuse treatment programs in California?
A) Prendergast B) Wexler C) Donovan D) Prendergast and Wexler C) Wexler and Donovan
Which of the following is true about the contemporary vory?
a. They allow female members b. Tattoos are not required c. Only former convicts can be members. d. They are less well-organized than the old vory.
According to the cognitive theory, under which developmental period would children between ages 7 and 11 fall?
A) the sensorimotor period B) the formal operational period C) the concrete operational period D) the preoperational period
Federal grand juries are authorized by statute to grant _______ immunity to witnesses
a. use b. contractual c. transactional d. prosecutorial