Your patient has limited range of motion of his neck, with crepitus on hyperextension. He has little pain, and there is no deviation or muscle spasm. These findings are most likely due to
a. meningitis. c. osteoarthritis.
b. muscle inflammation. d. torticollis.
C
Degenerative changes of osteoarthritis in the neck may result in decreased ability for full range of motion. This condition is usually painless unless nerve root irritation has occurred. Crepitus, or a crunching sound on hyperextension of the neck, may also be observed. Pain with flexion or rotation of the head can be associated with the pain and muscle spasm caused by meningeal irritation of meningitis. Generalized discomfort with flexion or rotation of the head may be related to inflammation of muscles. Torticollis is a condition in which there is a slight or prominent lateral deviation of the patient's neck. The sternocleidomastoid muscles, and to a lesser extent, the trapezius and scalene muscles, may also be prominent on the affected side. The muscles frequently hypertrophy as the result of powerful contractions.
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The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with a hiatal hernia on ways to reduce the symptoms. Which of the following should be included in these instructions?
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A) 25 pounds B) 35 pounds C) 45 pounds D) 55 pounds
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A. use of a gown. B. handwashing. C. wearing gloves. D. wearing a mask.