Describe the route of water through a sponge.
A. enters through pores into the spongocoel and exits via the osculum.
B. enters through the osculum into the spongocoel and exits via pores.
C. enters through the spongocoel into the osculum and exits via pores.
D. enters through the pores into the osculum and exits via the spongocoel.
E. enters through the osculum into the mesohyl and exits via the spongocoel.
A. enters through pores into the spongocoel and exits via the osculum.
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In order for a substance to transfer a phosphate to ADP in a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction, which of the following must be true?
A. The phosphate donor must have a lower oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. B. The phosphate donor must have a higher oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. C. The phosphate donor must have a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP. D. The phosphate donor must have a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP.
Which statement is true?
a. Atmospheric nitrogen is abundant and easily fixed by plants and phytoplankton. b. Climate models used by scientists only incorporate human contributions to the atmosphere. c. Fossil fuels are regenerated too slowly to be considered a renewable resource. d. Carbon and other elements are permanently sequestered within sediment on the ocean floor.
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The gametophytes of the ferns are free-living. b. The ferns are the largest and most diverse group of seedless, vascular plants. c. All the ferns and related primitive vascular plants have haploid sporophytes. d. Most ferns are tropical. e. Many of the ferns and their relatives have underground stems called rhizomes.
In the biosphere, which of the following is NOT constantly recycled?
Select one: a. carbon b. nitrogen c. water d. energy e. phosphorus