Where would you place the actual extinction date of a taxon if you knew that the Signor–Lipps effect was at work?
a. exactly at the date of the last known fossil
b. before the date of the last known fossil
c. after the date of the last known fossil
d. unable to determine when extinction occurred relative to the date of the last known fossil.
C
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Muscle fibers generate maximum force:
A. at intermediate lengths. B. when pulled to long lengths before contraction. C. when contracting at short lengths. D. when the myosin filaments contact the Z discs. E. when the overlap between actin and myosin is minimal.
Cell-cell communication in plants takes place via specialized structures called
A) plasmodesmata. B) desmids. C) gap junctions. D) cell wall pores. E) connexons.
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are _____
A) 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP B) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP C) 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP D) 6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
In mammals, the presence of four limbs is ________, and hair is ________
A) a shared derived character; a shared ancestral character that places mammals in the tetrapod clade B) a shared ancestral character; a shared derived character unique to mammals C) a homologous feature; an analogous feature D) monophyletic; parsimonious