Summarize the effects that aging has on intelligence.
What will be an ideal response?
1. While crystallized intelligence tends to remain stable in healthy aging, fluid intelligence tends to decline beyond the age of 30 years. 2. Performance speed is particularly vulnerable during aging and affects cognitive performance on tasks, especially as regards the use of working memory. 3. Loss of coordination occurs in the default mode network, which is correlated with cognitive ability and preparedness for action and attributed to declines in white matter connections among brain areas involved. 4. Compensation occurs with increased activation of some brain areas and decreased activity in other brain areas, which allows older individuals to perform just as well on memory tasks as younger individuals. 5. Reversible, nonphysical causes of declines during aging include lack of opportunity to use their skills. 6. Other factors include diet - determined by the amount of fish intake, fat intake, and vitamin supplements. 7. Loss of estrogen in women after menopause and loss of testosterone in men can also be a factor.
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According to the textbook, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?
a. Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States has increased dramatically since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. b. Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States has actually decreased since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. c. Prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States is about the same as before the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. d. The U.S. government has banned research on the topic of prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.
Which of the following is an important warning sign of a potential suicide?
a. withdrawal from contact with others b. constant apparent cheerfulness c. grandiose schemes d. constant criticism of others
Vipool thought it would be fun to spin around in a circle, which activated his vestibular sense and caused him to feel dizzy. Vipool stimulated all of the following except
A. otoliths. B. vestibular sacs. C. semicircular canals. D. basilar membrane.
According to Kübler-Ross, what is the final step of the five-step process of dying?
a) Denial b) Depression c) Acceptance d) Bargaining