Describe the significance and relationship of the genus and species taxa. If there were not humans on earth to classify
organisms, would species still exist? What will be an ideal response?
Species are nested in the broader taxon of genus. Species on earth do not require humans
for their classification or their existence.
Concepts to Consider: Taxonomy is based on evolutionary relationships; the genus and
species taxa allow scientists to identify specific organisms. The genus is always capitalized
and the species is written in lower case. Both taxa are italicized. The genus may be
abbreviated using only the first letter, but the species is always written out. An organism must
be identified using both the genus and species taxa because some organisms have the same
species name. Using the scientific nomenclature rather than the common name of an
organism allows all scientists to recognize and work with the same organism. Species would
exist whether we are here to name them or not; other taxa are also based on evolutionary
ties, at least by cladists and systematists using the classic evolutionary approach
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Some plasmids can replicate in several distinct species of bacteria. Frequently these plasmids have transposons carrying several different antibiotic resistance genes. In a hospital that has an outbreak of several species of bacteria each carrying resistance to three drugs (streptomycin, gentamicin, and penicillin), what is the best way to determine whether or not this resistance is due to a single shared plasmid with all three resistance genes?
A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid. B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that drug-sensitive cells from these same species become resistant to all three drugs when this plasmid is transformed. Confirm that the same plasmids are present in all species by sequencing the plasmid DNA. C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant species and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes. D) Isolate plasmids from one resistant species and transform a drug-sensitive strain of the other bacterial species to see if resistance occurs in the transformants.
The pattern of genetic transmission typical of a multifactorial trait is
A) discontinuous distributions such as 31. B) that of Mendelian inheritance. C) continuous variation of phenotypic expression. D) a 9331 ratio.
Metabolic pathways
a. are always catabolic. b. are always anabolic. c. can be either catabolic or anabolic. d. are irreversible. e. proceed until they reach equilibrium.
Which of the following correctly lists organization levels from the simplest to the most complex?
a. atoms, organelles, cells, tissues, organs b. atoms, molecules, tissues, organelles, organisms c. molecules, atoms, cells, organelles, tissues d. molecules, cells, organelles, organisms, organs