Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?
a. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required to develop cancer.
c. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract.
d. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth
Ans: b. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required to develop cancer.
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A patient with colorectal cancer is being treated with oxaliplatin (Eloxatin). Which of the following potential adverse effects should the nurse explain to the patient?
A) Dysuria B) Diarrhea C) Insomnia D) Cold-induced neuropathy
The nurse is assessing a newborn while the new parents watch. The nurse uses an ophthalmoscope to examine the back of the eye (the retina) and notes a positive red reflex. The nurse would explain to the parents that the red reflex indicates:
1. The absence of congenital cataracts. 2. The presence of intraocular hemorrhage. 3. The optic nerve has been traumatized during delivery. 4. Presence of amblyopia.
A child is brought to the emergency department after sustaining a concussion. The child is to be discharged home with his parents. Which of the following would the nurse include in the child's discharge instructions?
A) "Expect his headache to get worse initially and then disappear." B) "Wake him every 2 hours to check his movement and responses." C) "Call your medical provider if he vomits more than five times." D) "Any watery fluid draining from his ears is normal."
The client is scheduled for a dressing change. When removing the adhesive tape used to secure the dressing, the nurse should lift the edge and hold the tape:
1. At a 45-degree angle to the skin surface while pulling away from the wound 2. At a right angle to the skin surface while pulling toward the wound 3. At a right angle to the skin surface while pulling away from the wound 4. Parallel to the skin surface while pulling toward the wound