Compare and contrast efficacy and effectiveness studies of psychotherapy outcome.
What will be an ideal response?
Efficacy studies measure how well a treatment works “in the lab,” under controlled conditions with highly manualized therapy methods and clients chosen according to specific diagnostic criteria. Effectiveness studies measure how well a treatment works “in the real world,” where client selection is less strict, manuals may not be followed as closely, and cultural diversity of clients may be greater. Efficacy studies tend to have stronger internal validity, whereas effectiveness studies tend to have stronger external validity.
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Research on testosterone and aggression indicates that
a. it is surprising that women ever aggress given that they have no testosterone. b. their relationship in human males is weaker and less reliable than expected. c. very little regarding aggressive behavior is actually heritable. d. their relationship disappears when you examine samples of elderly adults.
All of the following are risk factors for eating disorders EXCEPT:
a. having relatively little ambition b. having negative family interactions c. a history of childhood sexual abuse d. having a lower self-esteem level
According to Schopenhauer, when all of our needs are temporarily satisfied, we feel:
a. bored. b. self-actualized c. at one with God. d. extreme pleasure.
As the mean IQ of a nation increases, the mean level of national happiness:
A) decreases. B) increases. C) remains unchanged, but the standard deviation in happiness decreases. D) remains unchanged, but the standard deviation in happiness increases.