The literature review allows the researcher to establish credibility through citing relevant sources. There is a hierarchy of sources that are well accepted to establish credibility. Explain the hierarchy and its importance to a literature review
What will be an ideal response?
Certain types of sources are more accepted as valid than other sources. When citing sources in a literature review, it is the researcher's job to ensure that he/she is citing a valid source. Web sites run by interest groups can be biased and unreliable. Hate groups may publish fabricated information in a format that appears to be valid information. If you quote someone's lies and misinformation, they become your lies and misinformation. The hierarchy is below:
1. Scholarly empirical articles, dissertations, monographs
2. Scholarly, nonempirical articles and essays
3. Textbooks and similar secondary sources
4. Trade journal articles
5. Certain nationally and internationally recognized newsmagazines
6. Papers, reports, or other documents posted by individuals on various Internet Web sites
7. Certain nationally and internationally recognized newspapers (e.g., The New York Times)
8. Acceptable, lower-order newspapers
9. Only when all other sources are unavailable, or when you want to add texture or detail, you should (sparingly) use a local newspaper
10. Written personal communications (letters, solicited comments)
11. Oral personal communications (face-to-face talks, telephone calls)
12. Blogs or other random Web sites
Items 1-3 are the strongest support. Items 4-7 offer moderate support. Items 8-12 offer colorful documentary sources. As you move down the list, there is a loss in scientific confidence. The lower-order sources should only be used sparingly to highlight an already well-documented piece of information. Using a lower-order source when there is a better scholarly source on the same topic shows laziness and undermines the credibility of the author.
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