According to Jerome Michel and Mortimer Adler, the formal cause of crime is

A. societal labeling.
B. genetics.
C. the criminal law.
D. socioeconomic disparity.


C. the criminal law.

Criminal Justice

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The _________ stage follows initial contact and is concerned with gathering evidence.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

One problem with certifications of juveniles to criminal courts is that:

A) judges tend to treat their youthfulness as a mitigating circumstance. B) more court-appointed attorneys are required. C) judges impose the death penalty more frequently. D) None of the above.

Criminal Justice

A _____________ is a behavior that is punishable under criminal law as an offense against society as a whole that can result in the loss of the offender's liberty or life

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Which is a non-Arab country?

a. Iraq b. Iran c. Aden d. Jordan

Criminal Justice