Which client is at greatest risk for ARDS?
A. The 62-year-old with COPD who has pneumonia
B. The 22-year-old who received 10 units of blood after a motor vehicle crash
C. The 78-year-old with chronic congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema
D. The 24-year-old with asthma who has not taken any of her asthma medications for 2 weeks
B
Extensive trauma alone can cause an excessive release of intracellular enzymes that can damage lung cells and lead to ARDS. The 10 units of blood indicate severe trauma. In addition, with massive transfusions, there is redistribution of large volumes of blood into the pulmonary circu-lation, which increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure. This contributes to the move-ment of fluid into lung tissue, causing noncardiac pulmonary edema. Plasma proteins from this edema start inflammatory processes in the lung tissues that lead to ARDS.
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A 54-year-old male has just been diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer. The patient asks the nurse why the doctor is not offering surgery as a treatment for his cancer. What is the nurse's best response?
A) "The cells in small cell cancer of the lung are so small that it is hard to get them all out of the lung with surgery." B) "Small cell lung cancer does not respond well to surgical treatment." C) "You will have to ask the physician that question." D) "Small cell cancer of the lung grows rapidly and metastasizes early and extensively."
To determine trough levels of a drug being administered to a patient, the nurse would expect to draw a blood sample at which time?
a. immediately before giving the drug c. one-half hour after giving an IV drug b. immediately after giving the drug d. halfway between doses
The egg grows and develops over 50 weeks
True False
The graduate nurse tells her preceptor that the newly admitted patient has a strange living arrangement, because she lives in a household that consists of two aunts, a grandparent, a niece, a nephew, and her best friend
What is the preceptor's best response? a. "You are correct. That is a different type of household." b. "That is an example of a family as defined by a different type of culture." c. "This is considered an extended family and is not unusual." d. "This is a type of blended family and statistics show an increase in these types of living arrangements."