At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem
The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.
a) modeling
b) shaping
c) negative reinforcement
d) secondary learning
ANS: B, Shaping refers to the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior until the target behavior is achieved.
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A biphasic drug effect occurs when a drug effect first goes in one direction as drug dose increases, but the effect changes direction as drug dose continues to increase
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
If you cannot punish an animal or young child immediately,
a. wait for the next instance of misbehavior by the animal or young child. b. take the animal or child back to the place of the misbehavior and then punish them. c. delay the punishment but increase the intensity. d. clearly state or point at the damage while punishing the animal or young child later.
Which of the following questions should be answered during the first meeting with a therapist?
a. What risks do I face if I begin therapy? b. Will the information I reveal in therapy remain completely confidential? c. How long do you expect treatment to last? d. All of these questions should be answered during the first meeting.
Levels of processing theory focuses on:
a. how many times information is repeated or rehearsed b. how information is encoded c. where information is stored in long-term memory d. how repressed memories are formed