A patient brought to the emergency department by ambulance reports that he has been smoking Cannabis heavily over the last few hours. An assessment reveals conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia. The nurse determines that the patient is most likely experiencing:
A) Cannabis intoxication.
B) Cannabis withdrawal.
C) Cannabis use disorder.
D) Cannabis tolerance.
A) Cannabis intoxication.
Explanation: A) The diagnostic criteria for Cannabis intoxication specifies that the patient experiences at least two of the following signs or symptoms within a 2-hour period of using Cannabis that cannot be attributed to any other drug or medical condition: conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia.
B) Cannabis withdrawal is diagnosed by the following criteria: cessation of frequent and prolonged Cannabis usage that has been daily over the period of several months along with the exhibition of three or more of the following signs and symptoms over the course of approximately 1 week: irritability, anger, or depression; nervousness or anxiety; sleep difficulty (e.g., insomnia); decreased appetite or weight loss; restlessness; depressed mood; and at least one physical symptom causing discomfort (e.g., sweating, fever, chills, headache).
C) Cannabis use disorder is the significant impairment or distress in multiple areas of functionality and also development of tolerance and withdrawal to the drug over a 12-month period.
D) Tolerance after repeated use of a drug occurs when the drug no longer produces the same central nervous system (CNS) effects as it did before and more of the drug is needed to achieve the desired effect.
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