On a phylogenetic tree, two clades that emerge from the same node are called ____ because they are each other’s
closest relatives.
a. sister clades
b. ancestral clades
c. phyla
d. families
e. cousins
ANSWER: a
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On which of the following foods can Staphylococcus aureus multiply with little competition?
A. bread B. salty ham C. jam D. milk
. A sample must contain many microorganisms in order to see any using microscopy techniques. Why?
A. The area on a microscope slide is very large compared to the relative size of microbes, and you take a very small amount of your sample to place on the slide surface. Therefore, you must have a large number of microbes initially in the culture to increase the chances that you'll come across one or more when looking at the slide surface through the magnifying lenses of the microscope. B. Bacteria are very small, of course. If you don't have a LOT of them, how are you going to see them? C. This is false-microscopy allows us to magnify a specimen to the point where we would be able to visualize even just a few microbes on the surface of the slide. As such, even if there are only a few microbes in a sample, we could easily visualize them with a microscope. D. Microscopes only magnify what's on the slide. If you don't have a lot of microbes on the slide surface, you can't magnify the specimen enough to see them as individual cells.
Chronosequences are useful because one can
A) view several taxa in one sere. B) view several seres in one region. C) measure the impacts of disturbance. D) count the number of trees in one sere.
The results of Miller's experiments best support which of the following hypotheses?
(A) The molecules essential to life today did not exist at the time Earth was first formed. (B) The molecules essential to life today could not have been carried to the primordial Earth by a comet or meteorite. (C) The molecules essential to life today could have formed under early Earth conditions. (D) The molecules essential to life today were initially self- replicating proteins that were synthesized approximately four billion years ago.